COMMISSIONER OF WEALTH TAX VS RAMNIWAS KARWA AND ANOTHER
1996 P T D 60
[210 I T R 1023]
[Gauhati High Court (India)]
Before S.N. Phukan, Actg. C.J. and A.K. Patnaik, J
COMMISSIONER OF WEALTH TAX
Versus
RAMNIWAS KARWA and another
Wealth Tax Reference No.24 of 1989, decided on 16/03/1994.
Wealth tax--
----Exemption---House---Association of persons---Exemption must be computed in the hands of the members of the association of persons---Wealth Act 1957, Ss.2(c), 3, 4(1)(b) & 5(1)(iv)---Indian Wealth Tax Rules, 1957.
The opening words of subsection (1) of section 5 of the Wealth Tax Act, 1957, make it clear that in respect of the assets mentioned in the said subsection, wealth tax is not payable by an "assessee" and that the said assets shall not be included in the net wealth of the "assessee". The word "assessee" has been defined in section 2(c) of the Act to mean a person by whom wealth tax is payable under the Act. The persons by whom wealth tax is payable under the Act have been named in section 3 of the Act which is the charging section. Under the said section, wealth tax is payable only in respect of the net wealth of every individual, Hindu undivided family and company. Accordingly, no wealth tax is payable under the Act by an association of persons and an association of persons is not an assessee as defined in section 2(c) of the Act. Since the exemption under subsection (1) of section 5 of the Act is available only to an assessee and under the express language of the said subsection the assets specifically mentioned therein are, not to be included in the net wealth of the "assessee", the exemption under subsection (1) of section 5 in respect of the assets mentioned therein has to be worked out in the hands of the individual members of the association of persons who are assessee under the Act' and not while determining the net wealth of the association of persons, which is not an assessee under the Act. This view is reinforced by the provisions in the Act and the rules for determination of the interest of an individual in an association of persons. An association of persons, unlike a company, has no legal personality of its own and the property that belongs to the association of persons actually belongs to the members of the association of persons to the extent of their respective shares or interest in the association of persons. Therefore, a house or a part of a house which is comprised in the assets of an association of persons, is to be first included in the net wealth of the association of persons for the purpose of determining the interest of the individual members of the association of persons under section 4(1)(b) of the Act read with Rule 2 of the Wealth Tax Rules 1957, and when after such determination the interest or shares of the members of the association of persons are allocated to the respective members, exemption is to be granted to each such member of the association of persons in his hands under subsection (1) of section 5 of the Act in respect of the said house or a part of the house up to the extent admissible under the proviso to clause (iv) of the said subsection.
CWT v. Vasudeva v. Dempo (1981) 131 ITR 291(Bom.) rel.
Purushothamdas Gocooldas v. CWT (1976) 104 ITR 608 (Mad.) and CWT v. Tarachand Agarwalla (1989) 180 ITR 235 (Gauhati) ref.
D.K. Talukdar and B.J. Talukdar for the Commissioner.
Nemo for the Assessee.
JUDGMENT
A.K. PATNAIK, J. --- This is a reference under section 27(1) of the Wealth Tax Act, 1957, by the Appellate Tribunal, Gauhati Bench, to this Court, on the following question of law:
"Whether, on the facts and in the circumstances of the case, the Tribunal was justified in setting aside the orders of the authorities below regarding allow ability of exemption under section 5(1)(iv) of the Wealth Tax Act, 1957, at the stage of determination of net wealth of the association of persons in which the assessee was a member, before its allocation amongst the members, for fresh disposal by the Wealth Tax Officer in the light of the decision of the Appellate Tribunal (Special Branch), Pune, in the case of N.R. Karia (1985) 13 ITD 545 ?"
The brief facts of the case as stated in the statement of the case drawn up by the Appellate Tribunal and as available from the Annexures to the said statement of case are that the assessees, Ramniwas Karwa and Shyam Sundar Karwa, claimed that they are entitled to exemption under section 5(1)(iv) of the Wealth Tax Act, 1957 (in short, "the Act"), in respect of their shares in the house property of the association of persons of which they are members. In the assessment orders for the year?s 1981-82 and 1982-83 of the aforesaid two assessees, the aforesaid claims for exemption of the assessees were not discussed and appear to have been disallowed. Aggrieved by the assessment orders, the assessees preferred appeals before the- Appellate Assistant Commissioner of Wealth Tax, Dibrugarh Range, who accepted the claim of the two assessees for exemption under section 5(1)(iv) of the Act following his earlier order dated, November 13, 1984, in the case of Shri San deep Kumar Karwa and directed the Wealth Tax Officer to value the assessee's interest in the property in the manner stated in the said order. In the order dated, November 13, 1984, in the case of Shri Sandeep Kumar Karwa, a copy of which is annexed to the statement of the case, the Appellate Assistant Commissioner of Wealth Tax had directed the Wealth Tax Officer to value the assessee's interest strictly as per rule 2 of the Wealth Tax Rules, 1957 (for short, "the Rules"), and to allow the exemption provided under section 5 to the extent permitted at the stage of determination of net wealth before (sic) its allocation amongst the members of the association of persons.
Against the said orders of the Appellate Assistant Commissioner of Wealth tax, Dibrugarh Range, the Revenue went up in appeal before the Appellate Tribunal, Gauhati Bench, and contended that the Appellate Assistant Commissioner erred in directing the Wealth Tax Officer to value the interest of the assessees in the association of persons after allowing exemption under section 5(1)(iv) of the Act at the stage of determination of net wealth before its allocation amongst the members (sic). By a common order dated August 31,1988, in the appeals for the years 1981-82 and 1983-84 in respect of the aforesaid tow assessees the Tribunal took the view that the matter should go back to the file of the Wealth Tax Officer for fresh disposal after bringing all the basic materials in record and to dispose of the same in the light of the Pune (Special Bench) of the Tribunal in the case of N.R. Karia (1985) 13 ITD 545.
A copy of the said decision of the Pune (Special Bench of the Tribunal (see (1983) 13 ITD 545) has also been annexed to the statement of the case drawn up by the Tribunal and a reading of the said decision would show that the Pune (Special Bench) of the Tribunal took the view that the claim for exemption under section 5(1)(iv) of the Act has to be considered at the stage after the share of the partner is brought into his hands and not in the hands of the firm and accordingly the allowance has to be make by the Wealth Tax Officer in the case of each of the assessee partners to the extent admissible under section 5(1)(iv) in respect of the share value of the property owned by the firm.
After the statement of the case was received by this court, on January 21, 1993, notices were issued to the parties for hearing pursuant to which the Commissioner of Wealth Tax, North-East Region, Shillong, has appeared through learned standing counsel of the Income-tax Department but none appeared on behalf of the assessee when the case was heard of March 2,1995.
Mr. D.Y, Talukdar, learned standing counsel for the Income-tax Department, cited before us the decision of the Madras High Court in the case of purushothamdas Gocooldas v. CWT (1976) 104 ITR 608 to persuade us to answer the reference in the affirmative in favour of the Revenue. But we find that the said decision of the Madras High Court has been rendered in respect of a house property owned by a partnership firm and not in respect of a house property belonging to an association of persons. We also notice that a Division Bench of this court in the case of CWT v. Tarachand Agarwalla (1989) 180 ITR 234; (1989) 2 GLR 129 has not; agreed with the said decision of the Madras High Court. In the said case, however, the Division Bench of this Court dealt with a case of deduction to be allowed under section 5(1)(iv) of the Act in respect of a house property belonging to a partnership firm and not in respect of a house property belonging to an association of persons. Since the present reference .is in respect of a house property comprised in the assets of an association of persons, we proceed to answer the reference by-making a fresh analysis of the provisions of the Act and the Rules.
The opening words of subsection (1) of section 5 of the Act make it clear that in respect of the assets mentioned in the said subsection, wealth tax is net payable by an "assessee" and that the said assets shall not be included in the net wealth of the "assessee". The word "assessee" has been defined in section 2(c) of the Act to mean a person by whom wealth tax is payable under the Act. The persons by whom wealth tax is payable under the Act have been named in section 3 of the Act, which is the charging section. As per the said section, wealth tax is payable only in respect of the net wealth of - every individual, Hindu undivided family and company. Accordingly, no wealth tax is payable under the Act by an association of persons and an association of persons is not an assessee as defined in section 2(c) of the Act. Since the exemption under subsection (1) of section 5 of the Act is available only to an "assessee" and as per the express language of the said subsection the assets specifically mentioned therein are not to be included in the net wealth of the "assessee", in our opinion, the exemption under subsection (1) of section 5 in respect of the assets mentioned therein has to be worked out in the hands of the individual members of the association of persons who are assessees under the Act and not while determining the net wealth of the association of persons which is not an assessee under the Act.
Our aforesaid view is reinforced and fortified by the provisions in the Act and the Rules for determination of the interest of an individual in an association of persons. According to section 4(1)(b) of the Act, where a individual is a member of an association of persons the value of his interest i the association of persons is to be determined in the manner prescribe in rule 2 of the Rules and included in computing the net wealth of the individual as belonging to that individual. Rule 2 prescribed that for determining the value of the interest of a member of an association of person the "net wealth" of the association of persons on the valuation date shall first be determined. The expression "met wealth" has not been defined in the Rules but in rule 1-A(m) it has been stated that words and expressions used but not defined in the Rules and defined in the Act, shall have the meanings respectfully assigned to them in the Act. In section 2(m) of the Act, the expression "net wealth" has been defined to mean the amount by which the aggregate value of all the assets on the valuation date to be computed in accordance with the provisions of the Act is in excess of the aggregate value of all the debts on the valuation date other than the debts mentioned therein. Thus, the net wealth of an association of persons has to be determined in accordance with the provisions of the Act, and since under subsection (1) of section 5 of the Act the assets mentioned therein are to be excluded from the net wealth of an individual assessee who is a member of an association of persons and not from the net wealth of an association of persons which is not an assessee, the assets specified in subsection (1) of section 5 of the Act have to be included in the net wealth of the association of persons while determining the interest of a member in an association of persons under Rule 2.
On the aforesaid analysis of the provisions of the Act and the Rules, therefore a house or a part of a house which is comprised in the assets of an association of persons, is to be first included in the net wealth of the association of persons for 'the purpose of determining the interest of the individual members of the association of persons under section 4(1)(b) of the Act read with rule 2, and when after such determination the interest or shares of the members of the association of persons are allocated to the respective members, exemption is to be granted to each such member of the association of persons in his hands under subsection (1) of section 5 of the Act in respect of the said house or part of the house up to the extent admissible under the proviso to clause (iv) of the said subsection. Mr. Talukdar took us through the decisions of the Madras High Court (see (1976) 104 ITR 608) to show that in that decision the property belonging to the firm was held as not belonging to the partners of the firm so as to entitle the partners to claim the exemption under section 5(1)(iv) of the Act. But we have no hesitation to hold that an association of persons, unlike a company, has no legal personality of its own and the property that belongs to the association of persons actually belongs to the members of the association of persons to the extent of their respective shares or interest in the association of persons. We are supported in our aforesaid conclusions by the following observations made by the Bombay High Court in the case of CWT v. Vasudeva V. Dempo (1981) 131 ITR 291 (at page 298):
"Section 5, which provides for exemption in respect of certain assets, in its opening words under subsection (1), indicates that exemption is to be considered at the stage of assessment of net wealth of an assessee. We have already seen how under section 3 of the said Act, charge of wealth tax is made on the net wealth of an individual, Hindu undivided family and company, which would mean that the assessee contemplated under section 5(1) would be an individual and not the communion, whether a communion be regarded as a body of individuals or an association of persons. In this view of the matter, the stage at which exemption is to be considered and allowed is the stage after the share of wealth from the communion is brought to the individual's assessment. We find that this is clearly borne out by the statutory phraseology employed by the Legislature, and in this view we find considerable support from the two decisions of the Karnataka High Court and one of the Orissa High Court, to which reference may now be made."
??????????? We find that the aforesaid decision of the Bombay High Court has been followed by the Appellate Tribunal (Special Bench), Pune, in its decision in the case of N.R. Karia (1985) 13 ITD 545. In the present cases, since the claims of the assessees under section 5(1)(iv) of the Act had not been granted by the authorities below in accordance with the law as correctly decided by the Appellate Tribunal (Special Bench), Pune, in the case of N.R. Karia (1985) 13 TTD 545, the Tribunal rightly set aside the orders of the authorities below and directed fresh disposal of the said claims of the assessees in the light of the said decision of the Tribunal (Special Bench), Pune. ''
Our answer to the question referred to us is, therefore, in the affirmative and in favour of the assessee. No costs.
M.B.A./823/FT ??????????
Reference answered.